- /* 
- ** $Id: ldebug.c $ 
- ** Debug Interface 
- ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h 
- */ 
-   
- #define ldebug_c 
- #define LUA_CORE 
-   
- #include "lprefix.h" 
-   
-   
- #include <stdarg.h> 
- #include <stddef.h> 
- #include <string.h> 
-   
- #include "lua.h" 
-   
- #include "lapi.h" 
- #include "lcode.h" 
- #include "ldebug.h" 
- #include "ldo.h" 
- #include "lfunc.h" 
- #include "lobject.h" 
- #include "lopcodes.h" 
- #include "lstate.h" 
- #include "lstring.h" 
- #include "ltable.h" 
- #include "ltm.h" 
- #include "lvm.h" 
-   
-   
-   
- #define noLuaClosure(f)         ((f) == NULL || (f)->c.tt == LUA_VCCL) 
-   
-   
- static const char *funcnamefromcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, 
-                                                    const char **name); 
-   
-   
- static int currentpc (CallInfo *ci) { 
-   lua_assert(isLua(ci)); 
-   return pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, ci_func(ci)->p); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Get a "base line" to find the line corresponding to an instruction. 
- ** Base lines are regularly placed at MAXIWTHABS intervals, so usually 
- ** an integer division gets the right place. When the source file has 
- ** large sequences of empty/comment lines, it may need extra entries, 
- ** so the original estimate needs a correction. 
- ** If the original estimate is -1, the initial 'if' ensures that the 
- ** 'while' will run at least once. 
- ** The assertion that the estimate is a lower bound for the correct base 
- ** is valid as long as the debug info has been generated with the same 
- ** value for MAXIWTHABS or smaller. (Previous releases use a little 
- ** smaller value.) 
- */ 
- static int getbaseline (const Proto *f, int pc, int *basepc) { 
-   if (f->sizeabslineinfo == 0 || pc < f->abslineinfo[0].pc) { 
-     *basepc = -1;  /* start from the beginning */ 
-     return f->linedefined; 
-   } 
-   else { 
-     int i = cast_uint(pc) / MAXIWTHABS - 1;  /* get an estimate */ 
-     /* estimate must be a lower bound of the correct base */ 
-     lua_assert(i < 0 || 
-               (i < f->sizeabslineinfo && f->abslineinfo[i].pc <= pc)); 
-     while (i + 1 < f->sizeabslineinfo && pc >= f->abslineinfo[i + 1].pc) 
-       i++;  /* low estimate; adjust it */ 
-     *basepc = f->abslineinfo[i].pc; 
-     return f->abslineinfo[i].line; 
-   } 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Get the line corresponding to instruction 'pc' in function 'f'; 
- ** first gets a base line and from there does the increments until 
- ** the desired instruction. 
- */ 
- int luaG_getfuncline (const Proto *f, int pc) { 
-   if (f->lineinfo == NULL)  /* no debug information? */ 
-     return -1; 
-   else { 
-     int basepc; 
-     int baseline = getbaseline(f, pc, &basepc); 
-     while (basepc++ < pc) {  /* walk until given instruction */ 
-       lua_assert(f->lineinfo[basepc] != ABSLINEINFO); 
-       baseline += f->lineinfo[basepc];  /* correct line */ 
-     } 
-     return baseline; 
-   } 
- } 
-   
-   
- static int getcurrentline (CallInfo *ci) { 
-   return luaG_getfuncline(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci)); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Set 'trap' for all active Lua frames. 
- ** This function can be called during a signal, under "reasonable" 
- ** assumptions. A new 'ci' is completely linked in the list before it 
- ** becomes part of the "active" list, and we assume that pointers are 
- ** atomic; see comment in next function. 
- ** (A compiler doing interprocedural optimizations could, theoretically, 
- ** reorder memory writes in such a way that the list could be 
- ** temporarily broken while inserting a new element. We simply assume it 
- ** has no good reasons to do that.) 
- */ 
- static void settraps (CallInfo *ci) { 
-   for (; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) 
-     if (isLua(ci)) 
-       ci->u.l.trap = 1; 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** This function can be called during a signal, under "reasonable" 
- ** assumptions. 
- ** Fields 'basehookcount' and 'hookcount' (set by 'resethookcount') 
- ** are for debug only, and it is no problem if they get arbitrary 
- ** values (causes at most one wrong hook call). 'hookmask' is an atomic 
- ** value. We assume that pointers are atomic too (e.g., gcc ensures that 
- ** for all platforms where it runs). Moreover, 'hook' is always checked 
- ** before being called (see 'luaD_hook'). 
- */ 
- LUA_API void lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) { 
-   if (func == NULL || mask == 0) {  /* turn off hooks? */ 
-     mask = 0; 
-     func = NULL; 
-   } 
-   L->hook = func; 
-   L->basehookcount = count; 
-   resethookcount(L); 
-   L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask); 
-   if (mask) 
-     settraps(L->ci);  /* to trace inside 'luaV_execute' */ 
- } 
-   
-   
- LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) { 
-   return L->hook; 
- } 
-   
-   
- LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) { 
-   return L->hookmask; 
- } 
-   
-   
- LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) { 
-   return L->basehookcount; 
- } 
-   
-   
- LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) { 
-   int status; 
-   CallInfo *ci; 
-   if (level < 0) return 0;  /* invalid (negative) level */ 
-   lua_lock(L); 
-   for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci != &L->base_ci; ci = ci->previous) 
-     level--; 
-   if (level == 0 && ci != &L->base_ci) {  /* level found? */ 
-     status = 1; 
-     ar->i_ci = ci; 
-   } 
-   else status = 0;  /* no such level */ 
-   lua_unlock(L); 
-   return status; 
- } 
-   
-   
- static const char *upvalname (const Proto *p, int uv) { 
-   TString *s = check_exp(uv < p->sizeupvalues, p->upvalues[uv].name); 
-   if (s == NULL) return "?"; 
-   else return getstr(s); 
- } 
-   
-   
- static const char *findvararg (CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) { 
-   if (clLvalue(s2v(ci->func))->p->is_vararg) { 
-     int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs; 
-     if (n >= -nextra) {  /* 'n' is negative */ 
-       *pos = ci->func - nextra - (n + 1); 
-       return "(vararg)";  /* generic name for any vararg */ 
-     } 
-   } 
-   return NULL;  /* no such vararg */ 
- } 
-   
-   
- const char *luaG_findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) { 
-   StkId base = ci->func + 1; 
-   const char *name = NULL; 
-   if (isLua(ci)) { 
-     if (n < 0)  /* access to vararg values? */ 
-       return findvararg(ci, n, pos); 
-     else 
-       name = luaF_getlocalname(ci_func(ci)->p, n, currentpc(ci)); 
-   } 
-   if (name == NULL) {  /* no 'standard' name? */ 
-     StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top : ci->next->func; 
-     if (limit - base >= n && n > 0) {  /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */ 
-       /* generic name for any valid slot */ 
-       name = isLua(ci) ? "(temporary)" : "(C temporary)"; 
-     } 
-     else 
-       return NULL;  /* no name */ 
-   } 
-   if (pos) 
-     *pos = base + (n - 1); 
-   return name; 
- } 
-   
-   
- LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) { 
-   const char *name; 
-   lua_lock(L); 
-   if (ar == NULL) {  /* information about non-active function? */ 
-     if (!isLfunction(s2v(L->top - 1)))  /* not a Lua function? */ 
-       name = NULL; 
-     else  /* consider live variables at function start (parameters) */ 
-       name = luaF_getlocalname(clLvalue(s2v(L->top - 1))->p, n, 0); 
-   } 
-   else {  /* active function; get information through 'ar' */ 
-     StkId pos = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */ 
-     name = luaG_findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos); 
-     if (name) { 
-       setobjs2s(L, L->top, pos); 
-       api_incr_top(L); 
-     } 
-   } 
-   lua_unlock(L); 
-   return name; 
- } 
-   
-   
- LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) { 
-   StkId pos = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */ 
-   const char *name; 
-   lua_lock(L); 
-   name = luaG_findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos); 
-   if (name) { 
-     setobjs2s(L, pos, L->top - 1); 
-     L->top--;  /* pop value */ 
-   } 
-   lua_unlock(L); 
-   return name; 
- } 
-   
-   
- static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) { 
-   if (noLuaClosure(cl)) { 
-     ar->source = "=[C]"; 
-     ar->srclen = LL("=[C]"); 
-     ar->linedefined = -1; 
-     ar->lastlinedefined = -1; 
-     ar->what = "C"; 
-   } 
-   else { 
-     const Proto *p = cl->l.p; 
-     if (p->source) { 
-       ar->source = getstr(p->source); 
-       ar->srclen = tsslen(p->source); 
-     } 
-     else { 
-       ar->source = "=?"; 
-       ar->srclen = LL("=?"); 
-     } 
-     ar->linedefined = p->linedefined; 
-     ar->lastlinedefined = p->lastlinedefined; 
-     ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua"; 
-   } 
-   luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, ar->srclen); 
- } 
-   
-   
- static int nextline (const Proto *p, int currentline, int pc) { 
-   if (p->lineinfo[pc] != ABSLINEINFO) 
-     return currentline + p->lineinfo[pc]; 
-   else 
-     return luaG_getfuncline(p, pc); 
- } 
-   
-   
- static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) { 
-   if (noLuaClosure(f)) { 
-     setnilvalue(s2v(L->top)); 
-     api_incr_top(L); 
-   } 
-   else { 
-     int i; 
-     TValue v; 
-     const Proto *p = f->l.p; 
-     int currentline = p->linedefined; 
-     Table *t = luaH_new(L);  /* new table to store active lines */ 
-     sethvalue2s(L, L->top, t);  /* push it on stack */ 
-     api_incr_top(L); 
-     setbtvalue(&v);  /* boolean 'true' to be the value of all indices */ 
-     if (!p->is_vararg)  /* regular function? */ 
-       i = 0;  /* consider all instructions */ 
-     else {  /* vararg function */ 
-       lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(p->code[0]) == OP_VARARGPREP); 
-       currentline = nextline(p, currentline, 0); 
-       i = 1;  /* skip first instruction (OP_VARARGPREP) */ 
-     } 
-     for (; i < p->sizelineinfo; i++) {  /* for each instruction */ 
-       currentline = nextline(p, currentline, i);  /* get its line */ 
-       luaH_setint(L, t, currentline, &v);  /* table[line] = true */ 
-     } 
-   } 
- } 
-   
-   
- static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) { 
-   /* calling function is a known function? */ 
-   if (ci != NULL && !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL)) 
-     return funcnamefromcall(L, ci->previous, name); 
-   else return NULL;  /* no way to find a name */ 
- } 
-   
-   
- static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar, 
-                        Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) { 
-   int status = 1; 
-   for (; *what; what++) { 
-     switch (*what) { 
-       case 'S': { 
-         funcinfo(ar, f); 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case 'l': { 
-         ar->currentline = (ci && isLua(ci)) ? getcurrentline(ci) : -1; 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case 'u': { 
-         ar->nups = (f == NULL) ? 0 : f->c.nupvalues; 
-         if (noLuaClosure(f)) { 
-           ar->isvararg = 1; 
-           ar->nparams = 0; 
-         } 
-         else { 
-           ar->isvararg = f->l.p->is_vararg; 
-           ar->nparams = f->l.p->numparams; 
-         } 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case 't': { 
-         ar->istailcall = (ci) ? ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL : 0; 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case 'n': { 
-         ar->namewhat = getfuncname(L, ci, &ar->name); 
-         if (ar->namewhat == NULL) { 
-           ar->namewhat = "";  /* not found */ 
-           ar->name = NULL; 
-         } 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case 'r': { 
-         if (ci == NULL || !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TRAN)) 
-           ar->ftransfer = ar->ntransfer = 0; 
-         else { 
-           ar->ftransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ftransfer; 
-           ar->ntransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ntransfer; 
-         } 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case 'L': 
-       case 'f':  /* handled by lua_getinfo */ 
-         break; 
-       default: status = 0;  /* invalid option */ 
-     } 
-   } 
-   return status; 
- } 
-   
-   
- LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) { 
-   int status; 
-   Closure *cl; 
-   CallInfo *ci; 
-   TValue *func; 
-   lua_lock(L); 
-   if (*what == '>') { 
-     ci = NULL; 
-     func = s2v(L->top - 1); 
-     api_check(L, ttisfunction(func), "function expected"); 
-     what++;  /* skip the '>' */ 
-     L->top--;  /* pop function */ 
-   } 
-   else { 
-     ci = ar->i_ci; 
-     func = s2v(ci->func); 
-     lua_assert(ttisfunction(func)); 
-   } 
-   cl = ttisclosure(func) ? clvalue(func) : NULL; 
-   status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, cl, ci); 
-     setobj2s(L, L->top, func); 
-     api_incr_top(L); 
-   } 
-     collectvalidlines(L, cl); 
-   lua_unlock(L); 
-   return status; 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** {====================================================== 
- ** Symbolic Execution 
- ** ======================================================= 
- */ 
-   
- static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg, 
-                                const char **name); 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Find a "name" for the constant 'c'. 
- */ 
- static void kname (const Proto *p, int c, const char **name) { 
-   TValue *kvalue = &p->k[c]; 
-   *name = (ttisstring(kvalue)) ? svalue(kvalue) : "?"; 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Find a "name" for the register 'c'. 
- */ 
- static void rname (const Proto *p, int pc, int c, const char **name) { 
-   const char *what = getobjname(p, pc, c, name); /* search for 'c' */ 
-   if (!(what && *what == 'c'))  /* did not find a constant name? */ 
-     *name = "?"; 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Find a "name" for a 'C' value in an RK instruction. 
- */ 
- static void rkname (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, const char **name) { 
-   int c = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */ 
-   if (GETARG_k(i))  /* is 'c' a constant? */ 
-     kname(p, c, name); 
-   else  /* 'c' is a register */ 
-     rname(p, pc, c, name); 
- } 
-   
-   
- static int filterpc (int pc, int jmptarget) { 
-   if (pc < jmptarget)  /* is code conditional (inside a jump)? */ 
-     return -1;  /* cannot know who sets that register */ 
-   else return pc;  /* current position sets that register */ 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Try to find last instruction before 'lastpc' that modified register 'reg'. 
- */ 
- static int findsetreg (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg) { 
-   int pc; 
-   int setreg = -1;  /* keep last instruction that changed 'reg' */ 
-   int jmptarget = 0;  /* any code before this address is conditional */ 
-   if (testMMMode(GET_OPCODE(p->code[lastpc]))) 
-     lastpc--;  /* previous instruction was not actually executed */ 
-   for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) { 
-     Instruction i = p->code[pc]; 
-     OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i); 
-     int a = GETARG_A(i); 
-     int change;  /* true if current instruction changed 'reg' */ 
-     switch (op) { 
-       case OP_LOADNIL: {  /* set registers from 'a' to 'a+b' */ 
-         int b = GETARG_B(i); 
-         change = (a <= reg && reg <= a + b); 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case OP_TFORCALL: {  /* affect all regs above its base */ 
-         change = (reg >= a + 2); 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case OP_CALL: 
-       case OP_TAILCALL: {  /* affect all registers above base */ 
-         change = (reg >= a); 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case OP_JMP: {  /* doesn't change registers, but changes 'jmptarget' */ 
-         int b = GETARG_sJ(i); 
-         int dest = pc + 1 + b; 
-         /* jump does not skip 'lastpc' and is larger than current one? */ 
-         if (dest <= lastpc && dest > jmptarget) 
-           jmptarget = dest;  /* update 'jmptarget' */ 
-         change = 0; 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       default:  /* any instruction that sets A */ 
-         change = (testAMode(op) && reg == a); 
-         break; 
-     } 
-     if (change) 
-       setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget); 
-   } 
-   return setreg; 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Check whether table being indexed by instruction 'i' is the 
- ** environment '_ENV' 
- */ 
- static const char *gxf (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, int isup) { 
-   int t = GETARG_B(i);  /* table index */ 
-   const char *name;  /* name of indexed variable */ 
-   if (isup)  /* is an upvalue? */ 
-     name = upvalname(p, t); 
-   else 
-     getobjname(p, pc, t, &name); 
-   return (- name  && strcmp(- name ,-  LUA_ENV ) == 0) ? "global" : "field";
 
- } 
-   
-   
- static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg, 
-                                const char **name) { 
-   int pc; 
-   *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, reg + 1, lastpc); 
-   if (*name)  /* is a local? */ 
-     return "local"; 
-   /* else try symbolic execution */ 
-   pc = findsetreg(p, lastpc, reg); 
-   if (pc != -1) {  /* could find instruction? */ 
-     Instruction i = p->code[pc]; 
-     OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i); 
-     switch (op) { 
-       case OP_MOVE: { 
-         int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* move from 'b' to 'a' */ 
-         if (b < GETARG_A(i)) 
-           return getobjname(p, pc, b, name);  /* get name for 'b' */ 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case OP_GETTABUP: { 
-         int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */ 
-         kname(p, k, name); 
-         return gxf(p, pc, i, 1); 
-       } 
-       case OP_GETTABLE: { 
-         int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */ 
-         rname(p, pc, k, name); 
-         return gxf(p, pc, i, 0); 
-       } 
-       case OP_GETI: { 
-         *name = "integer index"; 
-         return "field"; 
-       } 
-       case OP_GETFIELD: { 
-         int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */ 
-         kname(p, k, name); 
-         return gxf(p, pc, i, 0); 
-       } 
-       case OP_GETUPVAL: { 
-         *name = upvalname(p, GETARG_B(i)); 
-         return "upvalue"; 
-       } 
-       case OP_LOADK: 
-       case OP_LOADKX: { 
-         int b = (op == OP_LOADK) ? GETARG_Bx(i) 
-                                  : GETARG_Ax(p->code[pc + 1]); 
-         if (ttisstring(&p->k[b])) { 
-           *name = svalue(&p->k[b]); 
-           return "constant"; 
-         } 
-         break; 
-       } 
-       case OP_SELF: { 
-         rkname(p, pc, i, name); 
-         return "method"; 
-       } 
-       default: break;  /* go through to return NULL */ 
-     } 
-   } 
-   return NULL;  /* could not find reasonable name */ 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Try to find a name for a function based on the code that called it. 
- ** (Only works when function was called by a Lua function.) 
- ** Returns what the name is (e.g., "for iterator", "method", 
- ** "metamethod") and sets '*name' to point to the name. 
- */ 
- static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, const Proto *p, 
-                                      int pc, const char **name) { 
-   TMS tm = (TMS)0;  /* (initial value avoids warnings) */ 
-   Instruction i = p->code[pc];  /* calling instruction */ 
-   switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) { 
-     case OP_CALL: 
-     case OP_TAILCALL: 
-       return getobjname(p, pc, GETARG_A(i), name);  /* get function name */ 
-     case OP_TFORCALL: {  /* for iterator */ 
-       *name = "for iterator"; 
-        return "for iterator"; 
-     } 
-     /* other instructions can do calls through metamethods */ 
-     case OP_SELF: case OP_GETTABUP: case OP_GETTABLE: 
-     case OP_GETI: case OP_GETFIELD: 
-       tm = TM_INDEX; 
-       break; 
-     case OP_SETTABUP: case OP_SETTABLE: case OP_SETI: case OP_SETFIELD: 
-       tm = TM_NEWINDEX; 
-       break; 
-     case OP_MMBIN: case OP_MMBINI: case OP_MMBINK: { 
-       tm = cast(TMS, GETARG_C(i)); 
-       break; 
-     } 
-     case OP_UNM: tm = TM_UNM; break; 
-     case OP_BNOT: tm = TM_BNOT; break; 
-     case OP_LEN: tm = TM_LEN; break; 
-     case OP_CONCAT: tm = TM_CONCAT; break; 
-     case OP_EQ: tm = TM_EQ; break; 
-     /* no cases for OP_EQI and OP_EQK, as they don't call metamethods */ 
-     case OP_LT: case OP_LTI: case OP_GTI: tm = TM_LT; break; 
-     case OP_LE: case OP_LEI: case OP_GEI: tm = TM_LE; break; 
-     case OP_CLOSE: case OP_RETURN: tm = TM_CLOSE; break; 
-     default: 
-       return NULL;  /* cannot find a reasonable name */ 
-   } 
-   *name = getstr(G(L)->tmname[tm]) + 2; 
-   return "metamethod"; 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Try to find a name for a function based on how it was called. 
- */ 
- static const char *funcnamefromcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, 
-                                                    const char **name) { 
-   if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED) {  /* was it called inside a hook? */ 
-     *name = "?"; 
-     return "hook"; 
-   } 
-   else if (ci->callstatus & CIST_FIN) {  /* was it called as a finalizer? */ 
-     *name = "__gc"; 
-     return "metamethod";  /* report it as such */ 
-   } 
-   else if (isLua(ci)) 
-     return funcnamefromcode(L, ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci), name); 
-   else 
-     return NULL; 
- } 
-   
- /* }====================================================== */ 
-   
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Check whether pointer 'o' points to some value in the stack 
- ** frame of the current function. Because 'o' may not point to a 
- ** value in this stack, we cannot compare it with the region 
- ** boundaries (undefined behaviour in ISO C). 
- */ 
- static int isinstack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) { 
-   StkId pos; 
-   for (pos = ci->func + 1; pos < ci->top; pos++) { 
-     if (o == s2v(pos)) 
-       return 1; 
-   } 
-   return 0;  /* not found */ 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Checks whether value 'o' came from an upvalue. (That can only happen 
- ** with instructions OP_GETTABUP/OP_SETTABUP, which operate directly on 
- ** upvalues.) 
- */ 
- static const char *getupvalname (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o, 
-                                  const char **name) { 
-   LClosure *c = ci_func(ci); 
-   int i; 
-   for (i = 0; i < c->nupvalues; i++) { 
-     if (c->upvals[i]->v == o) { 
-       *name = upvalname(c->p, i); 
-       return "upvalue"; 
-     } 
-   } 
-   return NULL; 
- } 
-   
-   
- static const char *formatvarinfo (lua_State *L, const char *kind, 
-                                                 const char *name) { 
-   if (kind == NULL) 
-     return "";  /* no information */ 
-   else 
-     return luaO_pushfstring(L, " (%s '%s')", kind, name); 
- } 
-   
- /* 
- ** Build a string with a "description" for the value 'o', such as 
- ** "variable 'x'" or "upvalue 'y'". 
- */ 
- static const char *varinfo (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) { 
-   CallInfo *ci = L->ci; 
-   const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */ 
-   const char *kind = NULL; 
-   if (isLua(ci)) { 
-     kind = getupvalname(ci, o, &name);  /* check whether 'o' is an upvalue */ 
-     if (!kind && isinstack(ci, o))  /* no? try a register */ 
-       kind = getobjname(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci), 
-                         cast_int(cast(StkId, o) - (ci->func + 1)), &name); 
-   } 
-   return formatvarinfo(L, kind, name); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Raise a type error 
- */ 
- static l_noret typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op, 
-                           const char *extra) { 
-   const char *t = luaT_objtypename(L, o); 
-   luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value%s", op, t, extra); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Raise a type error with "standard" information about the faulty 
- ** object 'o' (using 'varinfo'). 
- */ 
- l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) { 
-   typeerror(L, o, op, varinfo(L, o)); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Raise an error for calling a non-callable object. Try to find a name 
- ** for the object based on how it was called ('funcnamefromcall'); if it 
- ** cannot get a name there, try 'varinfo'. 
- */ 
- l_noret luaG_callerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) { 
-   CallInfo *ci = L->ci; 
-   const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */ 
-   const char *kind = funcnamefromcall(L, ci, &name); 
-   const char *extra = kind ? formatvarinfo(L, kind, name) : varinfo(L, o); 
-   typeerror(L, o, "call", extra); 
- } 
-   
-   
- l_noret luaG_forerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *what) { 
-   luaG_runerror(L, "bad 'for' %s (number expected, got %s)", 
-                    what, luaT_objtypename(L, o)); 
- } 
-   
-   
- l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) { 
-   if (ttisstring(p1) || cvt2str(p1)) p1 = p2; 
-   luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate"); 
- } 
-   
-   
- l_noret luaG_opinterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, 
-                          const TValue *p2, const char *msg) { 
-   if (!ttisnumber(p1))  /* first operand is wrong? */ 
-     p2 = p1;  /* now second is wrong */ 
-   luaG_typeerror(L, p2, msg); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Error when both values are convertible to numbers, but not to integers 
- */ 
- l_noret luaG_tointerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) { 
-   lua_Integer temp; 
-   if (!luaV_tointegerns(p1, &temp, LUA_FLOORN2I)) 
-     p2 = p1; 
-   luaG_runerror(L, "number%s has no integer representation", varinfo(L, p2)); 
- } 
-   
-   
- l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) { 
-   const char *t1 = luaT_objtypename(L, p1); 
-   const char *t2 = luaT_objtypename(L, p2); 
-     luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1); 
-   else 
-     luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* add src:line information to 'msg' */ 
- const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg, TString *src, 
-                                         int line) { 
-   char buff[LUA_IDSIZE]; 
-   if (src) 
-     luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(src), tsslen(src)); 
-   else {  /* no source available; use "?" instead */ 
-     buff[0] = '?'; buff[1] = '\0'; 
-   } 
-   return luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg); 
- } 
-   
-   
- l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) { 
-   if (L->errfunc != 0) {  /* is there an error handling function? */ 
-     StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc); 
-     lua_assert(ttisfunction(s2v(errfunc))); 
-     setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1);  /* move argument */ 
-     setobjs2s(L, L->top - 1, errfunc);  /* push function */ 
-     L->top++;  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */ 
-     luaD_callnoyield(L, L->top - 2, 1);  /* call it */ 
-   } 
-   luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN); 
- } 
-   
-   
- l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) { 
-   CallInfo *ci = L->ci; 
-   const char *msg; 
-   va_list argp; 
-   luaC_checkGC(L);  /* error message uses memory */ 
-   msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);  /* format message */ 
-   if (isLua(ci))  /* if Lua function, add source:line information */ 
-     luaG_addinfo(L, msg, ci_func(ci)->p->source, getcurrentline(ci)); 
-   luaG_errormsg(L); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Check whether new instruction 'newpc' is in a different line from 
- ** previous instruction 'oldpc'. More often than not, 'newpc' is only 
- ** one or a few instructions after 'oldpc' (it must be after, see 
- ** caller), so try to avoid calling 'luaG_getfuncline'. If they are 
- ** too far apart, there is a good chance of a ABSLINEINFO in the way, 
- ** so it goes directly to 'luaG_getfuncline'. 
- */ 
- static int changedline (const Proto *p, int oldpc, int newpc) { 
-   if (p->lineinfo == NULL)  /* no debug information? */ 
-     return 0; 
-   if (newpc - oldpc < MAXIWTHABS / 2) {  /* not too far apart? */ 
-     int delta = 0;  /* line diference */ 
-     int pc = oldpc; 
-     for (;;) { 
-       int lineinfo = p->lineinfo[++pc]; 
-       if (lineinfo == ABSLINEINFO) 
-         break;  /* cannot compute delta; fall through */ 
-       delta += lineinfo; 
-       if (pc == newpc) 
-         return (delta != 0);  /* delta computed successfully */ 
-     } 
-   } 
-   /* either instructions are too far apart or there is an absolute line 
-      info in the way; compute line difference explicitly */ 
-   return (luaG_getfuncline(p, oldpc) != luaG_getfuncline(p, newpc)); 
- } 
-   
-   
- /* 
- ** Traces the execution of a Lua function. Called before the execution 
- ** of each opcode, when debug is on. 'L->oldpc' stores the last 
- ** instruction traced, to detect line changes. When entering a new 
- ** function, 'npci' will be zero and will test as a new line whatever 
- ** the value of 'oldpc'.  Some exceptional conditions may return to 
- ** a function without setting 'oldpc'. In that case, 'oldpc' may be 
- ** invalid; if so, use zero as a valid value. (A wrong but valid 'oldpc' 
- ** at most causes an extra call to a line hook.) 
- ** This function is not "Protected" when called, so it should correct 
- ** 'L->top' before calling anything that can run the GC. 
- */ 
- int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) { 
-   CallInfo *ci = L->ci; 
-   lu_byte mask = L->hookmask; 
-   const Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p; 
-   int counthook; 
-   if (!(mask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT))) {  /* no hooks? */ 
-     ci->u.l.trap = 0;  /* don't need to stop again */ 
-     return 0;  /* turn off 'trap' */ 
-   } 
-   pc++;  /* reference is always next instruction */ 
-   ci->u.l.savedpc = pc;  /* save 'pc' */ 
-   counthook = (--L->hookcount == 0 && (mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT)); 
-   if (counthook) 
-     resethookcount(L);  /* reset count */ 
-   else if (!(mask & LUA_MASKLINE)) 
-     return 1;  /* no line hook and count != 0; nothing to be done now */ 
-   if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKYIELD) {  /* called hook last time? */ 
-     ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* erase mark */ 
-     return 1;  /* do not call hook again (VM yielded, so it did not move) */ 
-   } 
-   if (!isIT(*(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1)))  /* top not being used? */ 
-     L->top = ci->top;  /* correct top */ 
-   if (counthook) 
-     luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1, 0, 0);  /* call count hook */ 
-   if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) { 
-     /* 'L->oldpc' may be invalid; use zero in this case */ 
-     int oldpc = (L->oldpc < p->sizecode) ? L->oldpc : 0; 
-     int npci = pcRel(pc, p); 
-     if (npci <= oldpc ||  /* call hook when jump back (loop), */ 
-         changedline(p, oldpc, npci)) {  /* or when enter new line */ 
-       int newline = luaG_getfuncline(p, npci); 
-       luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline, 0, 0);  /* call line hook */ 
-     } 
-     L->oldpc = npci;  /* 'pc' of last call to line hook */ 
-   } 
-   if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) {  /* did hook yield? */ 
-     if (counthook) 
-       L->hookcount = 1;  /* undo decrement to zero */ 
-     ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* undo increment (resume will increment it again) */ 
-     ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* mark that it yielded */ 
-     luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD); 
-   } 
-   return 1;  /* keep 'trap' on */ 
- } 
-   
-