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  1. // Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
  2. // All rights reserved.
  3. //
  4. // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  5. // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
  6. // met:
  7. //
  8. //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  9. // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10. //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  11. // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
  12. // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  13. // distribution.
  14. //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
  15. // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  16. // this software without specific prior written permission.
  17. //
  18. // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  19. // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  20. // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  21. // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  22. // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  23. // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  24. // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  25. // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  26. // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  27. // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  28. // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  29.  
  30.  
  31. // Google Test - The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework
  32. //
  33. // This file tests the universal value printer.
  34.  
  35. #include <ctype.h>
  36. #include <limits.h>
  37. #include <string.h>
  38. #include <algorithm>
  39. #include <deque>
  40. #include <list>
  41. #include <map>
  42. #include <set>
  43. #include <sstream>
  44. #include <string>
  45. #include <utility>
  46. #include <vector>
  47.  
  48. #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
  49. #include "gtest/gtest.h"
  50.  
  51. #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
  52. # include <unordered_map>  // NOLINT
  53. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
  54.  
  55. #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
  56. # include <unordered_set>  // NOLINT
  57. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
  58.  
  59. #if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  60. # include <forward_list> // NOLINT
  61. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  62.  
  63. // Some user-defined types for testing the universal value printer.
  64.  
  65. // An anonymous enum type.
  66. enum AnonymousEnum {
  67.   kAE1 = -1,
  68.   kAE2 = 1
  69. };
  70.  
  71. // An enum without a user-defined printer.
  72. enum EnumWithoutPrinter {
  73.   kEWP1 = -2,
  74.   kEWP2 = 42
  75. };
  76.  
  77. // An enum with a << operator.
  78. enum EnumWithStreaming {
  79.   kEWS1 = 10
  80. };
  81.  
  82. std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, EnumWithStreaming e) {
  83.   return os << (e == kEWS1 ? "kEWS1" : "invalid");
  84. }
  85.  
  86. // An enum with a PrintTo() function.
  87. enum EnumWithPrintTo {
  88.   kEWPT1 = 1
  89. };
  90.  
  91. void PrintTo(EnumWithPrintTo e, std::ostream* os) {
  92.   *os << (e == kEWPT1 ? "kEWPT1" : "invalid");
  93. }
  94.  
  95. // A class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
  96. class BiggestIntConvertible {
  97.  public:
  98.   operator ::testing::internal::BiggestInt() const { return 42; }
  99. };
  100.  
  101. // A user-defined unprintable class template in the global namespace.
  102. template <typename T>
  103. class UnprintableTemplateInGlobal {
  104.  public:
  105.   UnprintableTemplateInGlobal() : value_() {}
  106.  private:
  107.   T value_;
  108. };
  109.  
  110. // A user-defined streamable type in the global namespace.
  111. class StreamableInGlobal {
  112.  public:
  113.   virtual ~StreamableInGlobal() {}
  114. };
  115.  
  116. inline void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal& /* x */) {
  117.   os << "StreamableInGlobal";
  118. }
  119.  
  120. void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal* /* x */) {
  121.   os << "StreamableInGlobal*";
  122. }
  123.  
  124. namespace foo {
  125.  
  126. // A user-defined unprintable type in a user namespace.
  127. class UnprintableInFoo {
  128.  public:
  129.   UnprintableInFoo() : z_(0) { memcpy(xy_, "\xEF\x12\x0\x0\x34\xAB\x0\x0", 8); }
  130.   double z() const { return z_; }
  131.  private:
  132.   char xy_[8];
  133.   double z_;
  134. };
  135.  
  136. // A user-defined printable type in a user-chosen namespace.
  137. struct PrintableViaPrintTo {
  138.   PrintableViaPrintTo() : value() {}
  139.   int value;
  140. };
  141.  
  142. void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintTo& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
  143.   *os << "PrintableViaPrintTo: " << x.value;
  144. }
  145.  
  146. // A type with a user-defined << for printing its pointer.
  147. struct PointerPrintable {
  148. };
  149.  
  150. ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
  151.                            const PointerPrintable* /* x */) {
  152.   return os << "PointerPrintable*";
  153. }
  154.  
  155. // A user-defined printable class template in a user-chosen namespace.
  156. template <typename T>
  157. class PrintableViaPrintToTemplate {
  158.  public:
  159.   explicit PrintableViaPrintToTemplate(const T& a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
  160.  
  161.   const T& value() const { return value_; }
  162.  private:
  163.   T value_;
  164. };
  165.  
  166. template <typename T>
  167. void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<T>& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
  168.   *os << "PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: " << x.value();
  169. }
  170.  
  171. // A user-defined streamable class template in a user namespace.
  172. template <typename T>
  173. class StreamableTemplateInFoo {
  174.  public:
  175.   StreamableTemplateInFoo() : value_() {}
  176.  
  177.   const T& value() const { return value_; }
  178.  private:
  179.   T value_;
  180. };
  181.  
  182. template <typename T>
  183. inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
  184.                                   const StreamableTemplateInFoo<T>& x) {
  185.   return os << "StreamableTemplateInFoo: " << x.value();
  186. }
  187.  
  188. // A user-defined streamable but recursivly-defined container type in
  189. // a user namespace, it mimics therefore std::filesystem::path or
  190. // boost::filesystem::path.
  191. class PathLike {
  192.  public:
  193.   struct iterator {
  194.     typedef PathLike value_type;
  195.   };
  196.  
  197.   PathLike() {}
  198.  
  199.   iterator begin() const { return iterator(); }
  200.   iterator end() const { return iterator(); }
  201.  
  202.   friend ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const PathLike&) {
  203.     return os << "Streamable-PathLike";
  204.   }
  205. };
  206.  
  207. }  // namespace foo
  208.  
  209. namespace testing {
  210. namespace gtest_printers_test {
  211.  
  212. using ::std::deque;
  213. using ::std::list;
  214. using ::std::make_pair;
  215. using ::std::map;
  216. using ::std::multimap;
  217. using ::std::multiset;
  218. using ::std::pair;
  219. using ::std::set;
  220. using ::std::vector;
  221. using ::testing::PrintToString;
  222. using ::testing::internal::FormatForComparisonFailureMessage;
  223. using ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_;
  224. using ::testing::internal::NativeArray;
  225. using ::testing::internal::RE;
  226. using ::testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
  227. using ::testing::internal::Strings;
  228. using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint;
  229. using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter;
  230. using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint;
  231. #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
  232. using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings;
  233. #endif
  234.  
  235. // Prints a value to a string using the universal value printer.  This
  236. // is a helper for testing UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() for various types.
  237. template <typename T>
  238. std::string Print(const T& value) {
  239.   ::std::stringstream ss;
  240.   UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
  241.   return ss.str();
  242. }
  243.  
  244. // Prints a value passed by reference to a string, using the universal
  245. // value printer.  This is a helper for testing
  246. // UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print() for various types.
  247. template <typename T>
  248. std::string PrintByRef(const T& value) {
  249.   ::std::stringstream ss;
  250.   UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print(value, &ss);
  251.   return ss.str();
  252. }
  253.  
  254. // Tests printing various enum types.
  255.  
  256. TEST(PrintEnumTest, AnonymousEnum) {
  257.   EXPECT_EQ("-1", Print(kAE1));
  258.   EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(kAE2));
  259. }
  260.  
  261. TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithoutPrinter) {
  262.   EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(kEWP1));
  263.   EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(kEWP2));
  264. }
  265.  
  266. TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithStreaming) {
  267.   EXPECT_EQ("kEWS1", Print(kEWS1));
  268.   EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithStreaming>(0)));
  269. }
  270.  
  271. TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithPrintTo) {
  272.   EXPECT_EQ("kEWPT1", Print(kEWPT1));
  273.   EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithPrintTo>(0)));
  274. }
  275.  
  276. // Tests printing a class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
  277.  
  278. TEST(PrintClassTest, BiggestIntConvertible) {
  279.   EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(BiggestIntConvertible()));
  280. }
  281.  
  282. // Tests printing various char types.
  283.  
  284. // char.
  285. TEST(PrintCharTest, PlainChar) {
  286.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print('\0'));
  287.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print('\''));
  288.   EXPECT_EQ("'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print('"'));
  289.   EXPECT_EQ("'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print('?'));
  290.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print('\\'));
  291.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\a' (7)", Print('\a'));
  292.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\b' (8)", Print('\b'));
  293.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print('\f'));
  294.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print('\n'));
  295.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print('\r'));
  296.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\t' (9)", Print('\t'));
  297.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print('\v'));
  298.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\x7F' (127)", Print('\x7F'));
  299.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print('\xFF'));
  300.   EXPECT_EQ("' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(' '));
  301.   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", Print('a'));
  302. }
  303.  
  304. // signed char.
  305. TEST(PrintCharTest, SignedChar) {
  306.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<signed char>('\0')));
  307.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xCE' (-50)",
  308.             Print(static_cast<signed char>(-50)));
  309. }
  310.  
  311. // unsigned char.
  312. TEST(PrintCharTest, UnsignedChar) {
  313.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('\0')));
  314.   EXPECT_EQ("'b' (98, 0x62)",
  315.             Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('b')));
  316. }
  317.  
  318. // Tests printing other simple, built-in types.
  319.  
  320. // bool.
  321. TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
  322.   EXPECT_EQ("false", Print(false));
  323.   EXPECT_EQ("true", Print(true));
  324. }
  325.  
  326. // wchar_t.
  327. TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Wchar_t) {
  328.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\0'", Print(L'\0'));
  329.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print(L'\''));
  330.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print(L'"'));
  331.   EXPECT_EQ("L'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print(L'?'));
  332.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print(L'\\'));
  333.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\a' (7)", Print(L'\a'));
  334.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\b' (8)", Print(L'\b'));
  335.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print(L'\f'));
  336.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print(L'\n'));
  337.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print(L'\r'));
  338.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\t' (9)", Print(L'\t'));
  339.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print(L'\v'));
  340.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x7F' (127)", Print(L'\x7F'));
  341.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xFF' (255)", Print(L'\xFF'));
  342.   EXPECT_EQ("L' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(L' '));
  343.   EXPECT_EQ("L'a' (97, 0x61)", Print(L'a'));
  344.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x576' (1398)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576)));
  345.   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xC74D' (51021)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D)));
  346. }
  347.  
  348. // Test that Int64 provides more storage than wchar_t.
  349. TEST(PrintTypeSizeTest, Wchar_t) {
  350.   EXPECT_LT(sizeof(wchar_t), sizeof(testing::internal::Int64));
  351. }
  352.  
  353. // Various integer types.
  354. TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Integer) {
  355.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>(255)));  // uint8
  356.   EXPECT_EQ("'\\x80' (-128)", Print(static_cast<signed char>(-128)));  // int8
  357.   EXPECT_EQ("65535", Print(USHRT_MAX));  // uint16
  358.   EXPECT_EQ("-32768", Print(SHRT_MIN));  // int16
  359.   EXPECT_EQ("4294967295", Print(UINT_MAX));  // uint32
  360.   EXPECT_EQ("-2147483648", Print(INT_MIN));  // int32
  361.   EXPECT_EQ("18446744073709551615",
  362.             Print(static_cast<testing::internal::UInt64>(-1)));  // uint64
  363.   EXPECT_EQ("-9223372036854775808",
  364.             Print(static_cast<testing::internal::Int64>(1) << 63));  // int64
  365. }
  366.  
  367. // Size types.
  368. TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Size_t) {
  369.   EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(sizeof('a')));  // size_t.
  370. #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  371.   // Windows has no ssize_t type.
  372.   EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(static_cast<ssize_t>(-2)));  // ssize_t.
  373. #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  374. }
  375.  
  376. // Floating-points.
  377. TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, FloatingPoints) {
  378.   EXPECT_EQ("1.5", Print(1.5f));   // float
  379.   EXPECT_EQ("-2.5", Print(-2.5));  // double
  380. }
  381.  
  382. // Since ::std::stringstream::operator<<(const void *) formats the pointer
  383. // output differently with different compilers, we have to create the expected
  384. // output first and use it as our expectation.
  385. static std::string PrintPointer(const void* p) {
  386.   ::std::stringstream expected_result_stream;
  387.   expected_result_stream << p;
  388.   return expected_result_stream.str();
  389. }
  390.  
  391. // Tests printing C strings.
  392.  
  393. // const char*.
  394. TEST(PrintCStringTest, Const) {
  395.   const char* p = "World";
  396.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"World\"", Print(p));
  397. }
  398.  
  399. // char*.
  400. TEST(PrintCStringTest, NonConst) {
  401.   char p[] = "Hi";
  402.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"Hi\"",
  403.             Print(static_cast<char*>(p)));
  404. }
  405.  
  406. // NULL C string.
  407. TEST(PrintCStringTest, Null) {
  408.   const char* p = NULL;
  409.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  410. }
  411.  
  412. // Tests that C strings are escaped properly.
  413. TEST(PrintCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
  414.   const char* p = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
  415.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
  416.             "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\"",
  417.             Print(p));
  418. }
  419.  
  420. // MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
  421. // of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
  422. // would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
  423. // possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
  424. // memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
  425. // wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
  426. #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
  427.  
  428. // const wchar_t*.
  429. TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Const) {
  430.   const wchar_t* p = L"World";
  431.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"World\"", Print(p));
  432. }
  433.  
  434. // wchar_t*.
  435. TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, NonConst) {
  436.   wchar_t p[] = L"Hi";
  437.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"Hi\"",
  438.             Print(static_cast<wchar_t*>(p)));
  439. }
  440.  
  441. // NULL wide C string.
  442. TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Null) {
  443.   const wchar_t* p = NULL;
  444.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  445. }
  446.  
  447. // Tests that wide C strings are escaped properly.
  448. TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
  449.   const wchar_t s[] = {'\'', '"', '?', '\\', '\a', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r',
  450.                        '\t', '\v', 0xD3, 0x576, 0x8D3, 0xC74D, ' ', 'a', '\0'};
  451.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s) + " pointing to L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
  452.             "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\"",
  453.             Print(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s)));
  454. }
  455. #endif  // native wchar_t
  456.  
  457. // Tests printing pointers to other char types.
  458.  
  459. // signed char*.
  460. TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, SignedChar) {
  461.   signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
  462.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  463.   p = NULL;
  464.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  465. }
  466.  
  467. // const signed char*.
  468. TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstSignedChar) {
  469.   signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
  470.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  471.   p = NULL;
  472.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  473. }
  474.  
  475. // unsigned char*.
  476. TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, UnsignedChar) {
  477.   unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(0x1234);
  478.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  479.   p = NULL;
  480.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  481. }
  482.  
  483. // const unsigned char*.
  484. TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstUnsignedChar) {
  485.   const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(0x1234);
  486.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  487.   p = NULL;
  488.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  489. }
  490.  
  491. // Tests printing pointers to simple, built-in types.
  492.  
  493. // bool*.
  494. TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
  495.   bool* p = reinterpret_cast<bool*>(0xABCD);
  496.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  497.   p = NULL;
  498.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  499. }
  500.  
  501. // void*.
  502. TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Void) {
  503.   void* p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xABCD);
  504.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  505.   p = NULL;
  506.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  507. }
  508.  
  509. // const void*.
  510. TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, ConstVoid) {
  511.   const void* p = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(0xABCD);
  512.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  513.   p = NULL;
  514.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  515. }
  516.  
  517. // Tests printing pointers to pointers.
  518. TEST(PrintPointerToPointerTest, IntPointerPointer) {
  519.   int** p = reinterpret_cast<int**>(0xABCD);
  520.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
  521.   p = NULL;
  522.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  523. }
  524.  
  525. // Tests printing (non-member) function pointers.
  526.  
  527. void MyFunction(int /* n */) {}
  528.  
  529. TEST(PrintPointerTest, NonMemberFunctionPointer) {
  530.   // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
  531.   // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
  532.   // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
  533.   // this limitation.
  534.   EXPECT_EQ(
  535.       PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
  536.           reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(&MyFunction))),
  537.       Print(&MyFunction));
  538.   int (*p)(bool) = NULL;  // NOLINT
  539.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
  540. }
  541.  
  542. // An assertion predicate determining whether a one string is a prefix for
  543. // another.
  544. template <typename StringType>
  545. AssertionResult HasPrefix(const StringType& str, const StringType& prefix) {
  546.   if (str.find(prefix, 0) == 0)
  547.     return AssertionSuccess();
  548.  
  549.   const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(prefix[0]) > 1;
  550.   const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
  551.   return AssertionFailure()
  552.       << begin_string_quote << prefix << "\" is not a prefix of "
  553.       << begin_string_quote << str << "\"\n";
  554. }
  555.  
  556. // Tests printing member variable pointers.  Although they are called
  557. // pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
  558. // Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
  559. // printed as raw bytes.
  560.  
  561. struct Foo {
  562.  public:
  563.   virtual ~Foo() {}
  564.   int MyMethod(char x) { return x + 1; }
  565.   virtual char MyVirtualMethod(int /* n */) { return 'a'; }
  566.  
  567.   int value;
  568. };
  569.  
  570. TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberVariablePointer) {
  571.   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::value),
  572.                         Print(sizeof(&Foo::value)) + "-byte object "));
  573.   int Foo::*p = NULL;  // NOLINT
  574.   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
  575.                         Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
  576. }
  577.  
  578. // Tests printing member function pointers.  Although they are called
  579. // pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
  580. // Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
  581. // printed as raw bytes.
  582. TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberFunctionPointer) {
  583.   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyMethod),
  584.                         Print(sizeof(&Foo::MyMethod)) + "-byte object "));
  585.   EXPECT_TRUE(
  586.       HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyVirtualMethod),
  587.                 Print(sizeof((&Foo::MyVirtualMethod))) + "-byte object "));
  588.   int (Foo::*p)(char) = NULL;  // NOLINT
  589.   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
  590.                         Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
  591. }
  592.  
  593. // Tests printing C arrays.
  594.  
  595. // The difference between this and Print() is that it ensures that the
  596. // argument is a reference to an array.
  597. template <typename T, size_t N>
  598. std::string PrintArrayHelper(T (&a)[N]) {
  599.   return Print(a);
  600. }
  601.  
  602. // One-dimensional array.
  603. TEST(PrintArrayTest, OneDimensionalArray) {
  604.   int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
  605.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  606. }
  607.  
  608. // Two-dimensional array.
  609. TEST(PrintArrayTest, TwoDimensionalArray) {
  610.   int a[2][5] = {
  611.     { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 },
  612.     { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }
  613.   };
  614.   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 } }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  615. }
  616.  
  617. // Array of const elements.
  618. TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstArray) {
  619.   const bool a[1] = { false };
  620.   EXPECT_EQ("{ false }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  621. }
  622.  
  623. // char array without terminating NUL.
  624. TEST(PrintArrayTest, CharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
  625.   // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
  626.   char a[] = { 'H', '\0', 'i' };
  627.   EXPECT_EQ("\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  628. }
  629.  
  630. // const char array with terminating NUL.
  631. TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
  632.   const char a[] = "\0Hi";
  633.   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  634. }
  635.  
  636. // const wchar_t array without terminating NUL.
  637. TEST(PrintArrayTest, WCharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
  638.   // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
  639.   const wchar_t a[] = { L'H', L'\0', L'i' };
  640.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  641. }
  642.  
  643. // wchar_t array with terminating NUL.
  644. TEST(PrintArrayTest, WConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
  645.   const wchar_t a[] = L"\0Hi";
  646.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  647. }
  648.  
  649. // Array of objects.
  650. TEST(PrintArrayTest, ObjectArray) {
  651.   std::string a[3] = {"Hi", "Hello", "Ni hao"};
  652.   EXPECT_EQ("{ \"Hi\", \"Hello\", \"Ni hao\" }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
  653. }
  654.  
  655. // Array with many elements.
  656. TEST(PrintArrayTest, BigArray) {
  657.   int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
  658.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }",
  659.             PrintArrayHelper(a));
  660. }
  661.  
  662. // Tests printing ::string and ::std::string.
  663.  
  664. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
  665. // ::string.
  666. TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
  667.   const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
  668.   const ::string str(s, sizeof(s));
  669.   EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
  670.             Print(str));
  671. }
  672. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
  673.  
  674. // ::std::string.
  675. TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
  676.   const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
  677.   const ::std::string str(s, sizeof(s));
  678.   EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
  679.             Print(str));
  680. }
  681.  
  682. TEST(PrintStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
  683.   // "\x6BANANA" is ambiguous, it can be interpreted as starting with either of:
  684.   // '\x6', '\x6B', or '\x6BA'.
  685.  
  686.   // a hex escaping sequence following by a decimal digit
  687.   EXPECT_EQ("\"0\\x12\" \"3\"", Print(::std::string("0\x12" "3")));
  688.   // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (lower-case)
  689.   EXPECT_EQ("\"mm\\x6\" \"bananas\"", Print(::std::string("mm\x6" "bananas")));
  690.   // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (upper-case)
  691.   EXPECT_EQ("\"NOM\\x6\" \"BANANA\"", Print(::std::string("NOM\x6" "BANANA")));
  692.   // a hex escaping sequence following by a non-xdigit
  693.   EXPECT_EQ("\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::string("!\x5-!")));
  694. }
  695.  
  696. // Tests printing ::wstring and ::std::wstring.
  697.  
  698. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
  699. // ::wstring.
  700. TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
  701.   const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
  702.   const ::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
  703.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
  704.             "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
  705.             Print(str));
  706. }
  707. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
  708.  
  709. #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
  710. // ::std::wstring.
  711. TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
  712.   const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
  713.   const ::std::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
  714.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
  715.             "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
  716.             Print(str));
  717. }
  718.  
  719. TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
  720.   // same for wide strings.
  721.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"0\\x12\" L\"3\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"0\x12" L"3")));
  722.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"mm\\x6\" L\"bananas\"",
  723.             Print(::std::wstring(L"mm\x6" L"bananas")));
  724.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"NOM\\x6\" L\"BANANA\"",
  725.             Print(::std::wstring(L"NOM\x6" L"BANANA")));
  726.   EXPECT_EQ("L\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"!\x5-!")));
  727. }
  728. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
  729.  
  730. // Tests printing types that support generic streaming (i.e. streaming
  731. // to std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits> for any valid Char and
  732. // CharTraits types).
  733.  
  734. // Tests printing a non-template type that supports generic streaming.
  735.  
  736. class AllowsGenericStreaming {};
  737.  
  738. template <typename Char, typename CharTraits>
  739. std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
  740.     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
  741.     const AllowsGenericStreaming& /* a */) {
  742.   return os << "AllowsGenericStreaming";
  743. }
  744.  
  745. TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, NonTemplateType) {
  746.   AllowsGenericStreaming a;
  747.   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreaming", Print(a));
  748. }
  749.  
  750. // Tests printing a template type that supports generic streaming.
  751.  
  752. template <typename T>
  753. class AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate {};
  754.  
  755. template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
  756. std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
  757.     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
  758.     const AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
  759.   return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate";
  760. }
  761.  
  762. TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TemplateType) {
  763.   AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<int> a;
  764.   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate", Print(a));
  765. }
  766.  
  767. // Tests printing a type that supports generic streaming and can be
  768. // implicitly converted to another printable type.
  769.  
  770. template <typename T>
  771. class AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate {
  772.  public:
  773.   operator bool() const { return false; }
  774. };
  775.  
  776. template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
  777. std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
  778.     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
  779.     const AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
  780.   return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate";
  781. }
  782.  
  783. TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TypeImplicitlyConvertible) {
  784.   AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<int> a;
  785.   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate", Print(a));
  786. }
  787.  
  788. #if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
  789.  
  790. // Tests printing ::absl::string_view.
  791.  
  792. TEST(PrintStringViewTest, SimpleStringView) {
  793.   const ::absl::string_view sp = "Hello";
  794.   EXPECT_EQ("\"Hello\"", Print(sp));
  795. }
  796.  
  797. TEST(PrintStringViewTest, UnprintableCharacters) {
  798.   const char str[] = "NUL (\0) and \r\t";
  799.   const ::absl::string_view sp(str, sizeof(str) - 1);
  800.   EXPECT_EQ("\"NUL (\\0) and \\r\\t\"", Print(sp));
  801. }
  802.  
  803. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
  804.  
  805. // Tests printing STL containers.
  806.  
  807. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, EmptyDeque) {
  808.   deque<char> empty;
  809.   EXPECT_EQ("{}", Print(empty));
  810. }
  811.  
  812. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NonEmptyDeque) {
  813.   deque<int> non_empty;
  814.   non_empty.push_back(1);
  815.   non_empty.push_back(3);
  816.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 3 }", Print(non_empty));
  817. }
  818.  
  819. #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
  820.  
  821. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneElementHashMap) {
  822.   ::std::unordered_map<int, char> map1;
  823.   map1[1] = 'a';
  824.   EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97, 0x61)) }", Print(map1));
  825. }
  826.  
  827. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiMap) {
  828.   ::std::unordered_multimap<int, bool> map1;
  829.   map1.insert(make_pair(5, true));
  830.   map1.insert(make_pair(5, false));
  831.  
  832.   // Elements of hash_multimap can be printed in any order.
  833.   const std::string result = Print(map1);
  834.   EXPECT_TRUE(result == "{ (5, true), (5, false) }" ||
  835.               result == "{ (5, false), (5, true) }")
  836.                   << " where Print(map1) returns \"" << result << "\".";
  837. }
  838.  
  839. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
  840.  
  841. #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
  842.  
  843. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashSet) {
  844.   ::std::unordered_set<int> set1;
  845.   set1.insert(1);
  846.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1 }", Print(set1));
  847. }
  848.  
  849. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiSet) {
  850.   const int kSize = 5;
  851.   int a[kSize] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
  852.   ::std::unordered_multiset<int> set1(a, a + kSize);
  853.  
  854.   // Elements of hash_multiset can be printed in any order.
  855.   const std::string result = Print(set1);
  856.   const std::string expected_pattern = "{ d, d, d, d, d }";  // d means a digit.
  857.  
  858.   // Verifies the result matches the expected pattern; also extracts
  859.   // the numbers in the result.
  860.   ASSERT_EQ(expected_pattern.length(), result.length());
  861.   std::vector<int> numbers;
  862.   for (size_t i = 0; i != result.length(); i++) {
  863.     if (expected_pattern[i] == 'd') {
  864.       ASSERT_NE(isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i])), 0);
  865.       numbers.push_back(result[i] - '0');
  866.     } else {
  867.       EXPECT_EQ(expected_pattern[i], result[i]) << " where result is "
  868.                                                 << result;
  869.     }
  870.   }
  871.  
  872.   // Makes sure the result contains the right numbers.
  873.   std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
  874.   std::sort(a, a + kSize);
  875.   EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a, a + kSize, numbers.begin()));
  876. }
  877.  
  878. #endif  //  GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
  879.  
  880. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, List) {
  881.   const std::string a[] = {"hello", "world"};
  882.   const list<std::string> strings(a, a + 2);
  883.   EXPECT_EQ("{ \"hello\", \"world\" }", Print(strings));
  884. }
  885.  
  886. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Map) {
  887.   map<int, bool> map1;
  888.   map1[1] = true;
  889.   map1[5] = false;
  890.   map1[3] = true;
  891.   EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, true), (3, true), (5, false) }", Print(map1));
  892. }
  893.  
  894. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiMap) {
  895.   multimap<bool, int> map1;
  896.   // The make_pair template function would deduce the type as
  897.   // pair<bool, int> here, and since the key part in a multimap has to
  898.   // be constant, without a templated ctor in the pair class (as in
  899.   // libCstd on Solaris), make_pair call would fail to compile as no
  900.   // implicit conversion is found.  Thus explicit typename is used
  901.   // here instead.
  902.   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 0));
  903.   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 1));
  904.   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(false, 2));
  905.   EXPECT_EQ("{ (false, 2), (true, 0), (true, 1) }", Print(map1));
  906. }
  907.  
  908. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Set) {
  909.   const unsigned int a[] = { 3, 0, 5 };
  910.   set<unsigned int> set1(a, a + 3);
  911.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 0, 3, 5 }", Print(set1));
  912. }
  913.  
  914. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiSet) {
  915.   const int a[] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
  916.   multiset<int> set1(a, a + 5);
  917.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 1, 1, 2, 5 }", Print(set1));
  918. }
  919.  
  920. #if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  921.  
  922. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, SinglyLinkedList) {
  923.   int a[] = { 9, 2, 8 };
  924.   const std::forward_list<int> ints(a, a + 3);
  925.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 9, 2, 8 }", Print(ints));
  926. }
  927. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  928.  
  929. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Pair) {
  930.   pair<const bool, int> p(true, 5);
  931.   EXPECT_EQ("(true, 5)", Print(p));
  932. }
  933.  
  934. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Vector) {
  935.   vector<int> v;
  936.   v.push_back(1);
  937.   v.push_back(2);
  938.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2 }", Print(v));
  939. }
  940.  
  941. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, LongSequence) {
  942.   const int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
  943.   const vector<int> v(a, a + 100);
  944.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "
  945.             "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ... }", Print(v));
  946. }
  947.  
  948. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NestedContainer) {
  949.   const int a1[] = { 1, 2 };
  950.   const int a2[] = { 3, 4, 5 };
  951.   const list<int> l1(a1, a1 + 2);
  952.   const list<int> l2(a2, a2 + 3);
  953.  
  954.   vector<list<int> > v;
  955.   v.push_back(l1);
  956.   v.push_back(l2);
  957.   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }", Print(v));
  958. }
  959.  
  960. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneDimensionalNativeArray) {
  961.   const int a[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
  962.   NativeArray<int> b(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
  963.   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3 }", Print(b));
  964. }
  965.  
  966. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, TwoDimensionalNativeArray) {
  967.   const int a[2][3] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
  968.   NativeArray<int[3]> b(a, 2, RelationToSourceReference());
  969.   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }", Print(b));
  970. }
  971.  
  972. // Tests that a class named iterator isn't treated as a container.
  973.  
  974. struct iterator {
  975.   char x;
  976. };
  977.  
  978. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Iterator) {
  979.   iterator it = {};
  980.   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
  981. }
  982.  
  983. // Tests that a class named const_iterator isn't treated as a container.
  984.  
  985. struct const_iterator {
  986.   char x;
  987. };
  988.  
  989. TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, ConstIterator) {
  990.   const_iterator it = {};
  991.   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
  992. }
  993.  
  994. #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
  995. // Tests printing ::std::tr1::tuples.
  996.  
  997. // Tuples of various arities.
  998. TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, VariousSizes) {
  999.   ::std::tr1::tuple<> t0;
  1000.   EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
  1001.  
  1002.   ::std::tr1::tuple<int> t1(5);
  1003.   EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
  1004.  
  1005.   ::std::tr1::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
  1006.   EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
  1007.  
  1008.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
  1009.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
  1010.  
  1011.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
  1012.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
  1013.  
  1014.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
  1015.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
  1016.  
  1017.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
  1018.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
  1019.  
  1020.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
  1021.       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
  1022.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
  1023.  
  1024.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
  1025.       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
  1026.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
  1027.  
  1028.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
  1029.       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
  1030.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
  1031.  
  1032.   const char* const str = "8";
  1033.   // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
  1034.   // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
  1035.   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
  1036.                     testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*,
  1037.                     std::string>
  1038.       t10(false, 'a', static_cast<short>(3), 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,  // NOLINT
  1039.           ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
  1040.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
  1041.             " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
  1042.             Print(t10));
  1043. }
  1044.  
  1045. // Nested tuples.
  1046. TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, NestedTuple) {
  1047.   ::std::tr1::tuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
  1048.       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
  1049.   EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
  1050. }
  1051.  
  1052. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
  1053.  
  1054. #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
  1055. // Tests printing ::std::tuples.
  1056.  
  1057. // Tuples of various arities.
  1058. TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
  1059.   ::std::tuple<> t0;
  1060.   EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
  1061.  
  1062.   ::std::tuple<int> t1(5);
  1063.   EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
  1064.  
  1065.   ::std::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
  1066.   EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
  1067.  
  1068.   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
  1069.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
  1070.  
  1071.   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
  1072.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
  1073.  
  1074.   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
  1075.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
  1076.  
  1077.   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
  1078.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
  1079.  
  1080.   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
  1081.       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
  1082.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
  1083.  
  1084.   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
  1085.       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
  1086.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
  1087.  
  1088.   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
  1089.       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
  1090.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
  1091.  
  1092.   const char* const str = "8";
  1093.   // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
  1094.   // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
  1095.   ::std::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
  1096.                testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*,
  1097.                std::string>
  1098.       t10(false, 'a', static_cast<short>(3), 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,  // NOLINT
  1099.           ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
  1100.   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
  1101.             " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
  1102.             Print(t10));
  1103. }
  1104.  
  1105. // Nested tuples.
  1106. TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, NestedTuple) {
  1107.   ::std::tuple< ::std::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
  1108.       ::std::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
  1109.   EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
  1110. }
  1111.  
  1112. #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
  1113.  
  1114. #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
  1115. TEST(PrintNullptrT, Basic) {
  1116.   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", Print(nullptr));
  1117. }
  1118. #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
  1119.  
  1120. // Tests printing user-defined unprintable types.
  1121.  
  1122. // Unprintable types in the global namespace.
  1123. TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
  1124.   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>",
  1125.             Print(UnprintableTemplateInGlobal<char>()));
  1126. }
  1127.  
  1128. // Unprintable types in a user namespace.
  1129. TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
  1130.   EXPECT_EQ("16-byte object <EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
  1131.             Print(::foo::UnprintableInFoo()));
  1132. }
  1133.  
  1134. // Unprintable types are that too big to be printed completely.
  1135.  
  1136. struct Big {
  1137.   Big() { memset(array, 0, sizeof(array)); }
  1138.   char array[257];
  1139. };
  1140.  
  1141. TEST(PrintUnpritableTypeTest, BigObject) {
  1142.   EXPECT_EQ("257-byte object <00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
  1143.             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
  1144.             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
  1145.             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 ... 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
  1146.             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
  1147.             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
  1148.             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00>",
  1149.             Print(Big()));
  1150. }
  1151.  
  1152. // Tests printing user-defined streamable types.
  1153.  
  1154. // Streamable types in the global namespace.
  1155. TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
  1156.   StreamableInGlobal x;
  1157.   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal", Print(x));
  1158.   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal*", Print(&x));
  1159. }
  1160.  
  1161. // Printable template types in a user namespace.
  1162. TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, TemplateTypeInUserNamespace) {
  1163.   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableTemplateInFoo: 0",
  1164.             Print(::foo::StreamableTemplateInFoo<int>()));
  1165. }
  1166.  
  1167. // Tests printing a user-defined recursive container type that has a <<
  1168. // operator.
  1169. TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, PathLikeInUserNamespace) {
  1170.   ::foo::PathLike x;
  1171.   EXPECT_EQ("Streamable-PathLike", Print(x));
  1172.   const ::foo::PathLike cx;
  1173.   EXPECT_EQ("Streamable-PathLike", Print(cx));
  1174. }
  1175.  
  1176. // Tests printing user-defined types that have a PrintTo() function.
  1177. TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
  1178.   EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintTo: 0",
  1179.             Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintTo()));
  1180. }
  1181.  
  1182. // Tests printing a pointer to a user-defined type that has a <<
  1183. // operator for its pointer.
  1184. TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, PointerInUserNamespace) {
  1185.   ::foo::PointerPrintable x;
  1186.   EXPECT_EQ("PointerPrintable*", Print(&x));
  1187. }
  1188.  
  1189. // Tests printing user-defined class template that have a PrintTo() function.
  1190. TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, TemplateInUserNamespace) {
  1191.   EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: 5",
  1192.             Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<int>(5)));
  1193. }
  1194.  
  1195. // Tests that the universal printer prints both the address and the
  1196. // value of a reference.
  1197. TEST(PrintReferenceTest, PrintsAddressAndValue) {
  1198.   int n = 5;
  1199.   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&n) + " 5", PrintByRef(n));
  1200.  
  1201.   int a[2][3] = {
  1202.     { 0, 1, 2 },
  1203.     { 3, 4, 5 }
  1204.   };
  1205.   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(a) + " { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }",
  1206.             PrintByRef(a));
  1207.  
  1208.   const ::foo::UnprintableInFoo x;
  1209.   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&x) + " 16-byte object "
  1210.             "<EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
  1211.             PrintByRef(x));
  1212. }
  1213.  
  1214. // Tests that the universal printer prints a function pointer passed by
  1215. // reference.
  1216. TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesFunctionPointer) {
  1217.   void (*fp)(int n) = &MyFunction;
  1218.   const std::string fp_pointer_string =
  1219.       PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&fp));
  1220.   // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
  1221.   // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
  1222.   // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
  1223.   // this limitation.
  1224.   const std::string fp_string = PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
  1225.       reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(fp)));
  1226.   EXPECT_EQ("@" + fp_pointer_string + " " + fp_string,
  1227.             PrintByRef(fp));
  1228. }
  1229.  
  1230. // Tests that the universal printer prints a member function pointer
  1231. // passed by reference.
  1232. TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberFunctionPointer) {
  1233.   int (Foo::*p)(char ch) = &Foo::MyMethod;
  1234.   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
  1235.       PrintByRef(p),
  1236.       "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p)) + " " +
  1237.           Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
  1238.  
  1239.   char (Foo::*p2)(int n) = &Foo::MyVirtualMethod;
  1240.   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
  1241.       PrintByRef(p2),
  1242.       "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p2)) + " " +
  1243.           Print(sizeof(p2)) + "-byte object "));
  1244. }
  1245.  
  1246. // Tests that the universal printer prints a member variable pointer
  1247. // passed by reference.
  1248. TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberVariablePointer) {
  1249.   int Foo::*p = &Foo::value;  // NOLINT
  1250.   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
  1251.       PrintByRef(p),
  1252.       "@" + PrintPointer(&p) + " " + Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
  1253. }
  1254.  
  1255. // Tests that FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(), which is used to print
  1256. // an operand in a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ) when the assertion
  1257. // fails, formats the operand in the desired way.
  1258.  
  1259. // scalar
  1260. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForScalar) {
  1261.   EXPECT_STREQ("123",
  1262.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(123, 124).c_str());
  1263. }
  1264.  
  1265. // non-char pointer
  1266. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForNonCharPointer) {
  1267.   int n = 0;
  1268.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&n),
  1269.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&n, &n).c_str());
  1270. }
  1271.  
  1272. // non-char array
  1273. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, FormatsNonCharArrayAsPointer) {
  1274.   // In expression 'array == x', 'array' is compared by pointer.
  1275.   // Therefore we want to print an array operand as a pointer.
  1276.   int n[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
  1277.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(n),
  1278.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(n, n).c_str());
  1279. }
  1280.  
  1281. // Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared with another pointer.
  1282. // In this case we want to print it as a raw pointer, as the comparison is by
  1283. // pointer.
  1284.  
  1285. // char pointer vs pointer
  1286. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsPointer) {
  1287.   // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
  1288.   // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
  1289.   // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a C string (we don't
  1290.   // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid C string).
  1291.  
  1292.   // const char*
  1293.   const char* s = "hello";
  1294.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
  1295.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
  1296.  
  1297.   // char*
  1298.   char ch = 'a';
  1299.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
  1300.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
  1301. }
  1302.  
  1303. // wchar_t pointer vs pointer
  1304. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsPointer) {
  1305.   // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
  1306.   // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
  1307.   // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a wide C string (we don't
  1308.   // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid wide C string).
  1309.  
  1310.   // const wchar_t*
  1311.   const wchar_t* s = L"hello";
  1312.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
  1313.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
  1314.  
  1315.   // wchar_t*
  1316.   wchar_t ch = L'a';
  1317.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
  1318.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
  1319. }
  1320.  
  1321. // Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared to a string object.
  1322. // In this case we want to print the char pointer as a C string.
  1323.  
  1324. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
  1325. // char pointer vs ::string
  1326. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsString) {
  1327.   const char* s = "hello \"world";
  1328.   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1329.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::string()).c_str());
  1330.  
  1331.   // char*
  1332.   char str[] = "hi\1";
  1333.   char* p = str;
  1334.   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1335.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::string()).c_str());
  1336. }
  1337. #endif
  1338.  
  1339. // char pointer vs std::string
  1340. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsStdString) {
  1341.   const char* s = "hello \"world";
  1342.   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1343.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::string()).c_str());
  1344.  
  1345.   // char*
  1346.   char str[] = "hi\1";
  1347.   char* p = str;
  1348.   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1349.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::string()).c_str());
  1350. }
  1351.  
  1352. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
  1353. // wchar_t pointer vs ::wstring
  1354. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsWString) {
  1355.   const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
  1356.   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1357.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::wstring()).c_str());
  1358.  
  1359.   // wchar_t*
  1360.   wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
  1361.   wchar_t* p = str;
  1362.   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1363.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::wstring()).c_str());
  1364. }
  1365. #endif
  1366.  
  1367. #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
  1368. // wchar_t pointer vs std::wstring
  1369. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsStdWString) {
  1370.   const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
  1371.   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1372.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
  1373.  
  1374.   // wchar_t*
  1375.   wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
  1376.   wchar_t* p = str;
  1377.   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
  1378.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
  1379. }
  1380. #endif
  1381.  
  1382. // Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a pointer or array.
  1383. // In this case we want to print the array as a row pointer, as the comparison
  1384. // is by pointer.
  1385.  
  1386. // char array vs pointer
  1387. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsPointer) {
  1388.   char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
  1389.   char* p = NULL;
  1390.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
  1391.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
  1392. }
  1393.  
  1394. // char array vs char array
  1395. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsCharArray) {
  1396.   const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
  1397.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
  1398.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
  1399. }
  1400.  
  1401. // wchar_t array vs pointer
  1402. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsPointer) {
  1403.   wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
  1404.   wchar_t* p = NULL;
  1405.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
  1406.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
  1407. }
  1408.  
  1409. // wchar_t array vs wchar_t array
  1410. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWCharArray) {
  1411.   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
  1412.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
  1413.             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
  1414. }
  1415.  
  1416. // Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a string object.
  1417. // In this case we want to print the array as a C string.
  1418.  
  1419. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
  1420. // char array vs string
  1421. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsString) {
  1422.   const char str[] = "hi \"w\0rld\"";
  1423.   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
  1424.                                 // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
  1425.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::string()).c_str());
  1426. }
  1427. #endif
  1428.  
  1429. // char array vs std::string
  1430. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsStdString) {
  1431.   const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
  1432.   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
  1433.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::string()).c_str());
  1434. }
  1435.  
  1436. #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
  1437. // wchar_t array vs wstring
  1438. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWString) {
  1439.   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
  1440.   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
  1441.                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::wstring()).c_str());
  1442. }
  1443. #endif
  1444.  
  1445. #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
  1446. // wchar_t array vs std::wstring
  1447. TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsStdWString) {
  1448.   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"w\0rld\"";
  1449.   EXPECT_STREQ(
  1450.       "L\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
  1451.                         // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
  1452.       FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
  1453. }
  1454. #endif
  1455.  
  1456. // Useful for testing PrintToString().  We cannot use EXPECT_EQ()
  1457. // there as its implementation uses PrintToString().  The caller must
  1458. // ensure that 'value' has no side effect.
  1459. #define EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(value, expected_string)         \
  1460.   EXPECT_TRUE(PrintToString(value) == (expected_string))        \
  1461.       << " where " #value " prints as " << (PrintToString(value))
  1462.  
  1463. TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForScalar) {
  1464.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(123, "123");
  1465. }
  1466.  
  1467. TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToConstChar) {
  1468.   const char* p = "hello";
  1469.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
  1470. }
  1471.  
  1472. TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToNonConstChar) {
  1473.   char s[] = "hello";
  1474.   char* p = s;
  1475.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
  1476. }
  1477.  
  1478. TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToConstChar) {
  1479.   const char* p = "hello\n";
  1480.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\n\"");
  1481. }
  1482.  
  1483. TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToNonConstChar) {
  1484.   char s[] = "hello\1";
  1485.   char* p = s;
  1486.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\x1\"");
  1487. }
  1488.  
  1489. TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForArray) {
  1490.   int n[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
  1491.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(n, "{ 1, 2, 3 }");
  1492. }
  1493.  
  1494. TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArray) {
  1495.   char s[] = "hello";
  1496.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(s, "\"hello\"");
  1497. }
  1498.  
  1499. TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArrayWithEmbeddedNul) {
  1500.   const char str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
  1501.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
  1502.  
  1503.   char mutable_str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
  1504.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(mutable_str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
  1505. }
  1506.  
  1507.   TEST(PrintToStringTest, ContainsNonLatin) {
  1508.   // Sanity test with valid UTF-8. Prints both in hex and as text.
  1509.   std::string non_ascii_str = ::std::string("오전 4:30");
  1510.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(non_ascii_str,
  1511.                           "\"\\xEC\\x98\\xA4\\xEC\\xA0\\x84 4:30\"\n"
  1512.                           "    As Text: \"오전 4:30\"");
  1513.   non_ascii_str = ::std::string("From ä — ẑ");
  1514.   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(non_ascii_str,
  1515.                           "\"From \\xC3\\xA4 \\xE2\\x80\\x94 \\xE1\\xBA\\x91\""
  1516.                           "\n    As Text: \"From ä — ẑ\"");
  1517. }
  1518.  
  1519. TEST(IsValidUTF8Test, IllFormedUTF8) {
  1520.   // The following test strings are ill-formed UTF-8 and are printed
  1521.   // as hex only (or ASCII, in case of ASCII bytes) because IsValidUTF8() is
  1522.   // expected to fail, thus output does not contain "As Text:".
  1523.  
  1524.   static const char *const kTestdata[][2] = {
  1525.     // 2-byte lead byte followed by a single-byte character.
  1526.     {"\xC3\x74", "\"\\xC3t\""},
  1527.     // Valid 2-byte character followed by an orphan trail byte.
  1528.     {"\xC3\x84\xA4", "\"\\xC3\\x84\\xA4\""},
  1529.     // Lead byte without trail byte.
  1530.     {"abc\xC3", "\"abc\\xC3\""},
  1531.     // 3-byte lead byte, single-byte character, orphan trail byte.
  1532.     {"x\xE2\x70\x94", "\"x\\xE2p\\x94\""},
  1533.     // Truncated 3-byte character.
  1534.     {"\xE2\x80", "\"\\xE2\\x80\""},
  1535.     // Truncated 3-byte character followed by valid 2-byte char.
  1536.     {"\xE2\x80\xC3\x84", "\"\\xE2\\x80\\xC3\\x84\""},
  1537.     // Truncated 3-byte character followed by a single-byte character.
  1538.     {"\xE2\x80\x7A", "\"\\xE2\\x80z\""},
  1539.     // 3-byte lead byte followed by valid 3-byte character.
  1540.     {"\xE2\xE2\x80\x94", "\"\\xE2\\xE2\\x80\\x94\""},
  1541.     // 4-byte lead byte followed by valid 3-byte character.
  1542.     {"\xF0\xE2\x80\x94", "\"\\xF0\\xE2\\x80\\x94\""},
  1543.     // Truncated 4-byte character.
  1544.     {"\xF0\xE2\x80", "\"\\xF0\\xE2\\x80\""},
  1545.      // Invalid UTF-8 byte sequences embedded in other chars.
  1546.     {"abc\xE2\x80\x94\xC3\x74xyc", "\"abc\\xE2\\x80\\x94\\xC3txyc\""},
  1547.     {"abc\xC3\x84\xE2\x80\xC3\x84xyz",
  1548.      "\"abc\\xC3\\x84\\xE2\\x80\\xC3\\x84xyz\""},
  1549.     // Non-shortest UTF-8 byte sequences are also ill-formed.
  1550.     // The classics: xC0, xC1 lead byte.
  1551.     {"\xC0\x80", "\"\\xC0\\x80\""},
  1552.     {"\xC1\x81", "\"\\xC1\\x81\""},
  1553.     // Non-shortest sequences.
  1554.     {"\xE0\x80\x80", "\"\\xE0\\x80\\x80\""},
  1555.     {"\xf0\x80\x80\x80", "\"\\xF0\\x80\\x80\\x80\""},
  1556.     // Last valid code point before surrogate range, should be printed as text,
  1557.     // too.
  1558.     {"\xED\x9F\xBF", "\"\\xED\\x9F\\xBF\"\n    As Text: \"퟿\""},
  1559.     // Start of surrogate lead. Surrogates are not printed as text.
  1560.     {"\xED\xA0\x80", "\"\\xED\\xA0\\x80\""},
  1561.     // Last non-private surrogate lead.
  1562.     {"\xED\xAD\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xAD\\xBF\""},
  1563.     // First private-use surrogate lead.
  1564.     {"\xED\xAE\x80", "\"\\xED\\xAE\\x80\""},
  1565.     // Last private-use surrogate lead.
  1566.     {"\xED\xAF\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xAF\\xBF\""},
  1567.     // Mid-point of surrogate trail.
  1568.     {"\xED\xB3\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xB3\\xBF\""},
  1569.     // First valid code point after surrogate range, should be printed as text,
  1570.     // too.
  1571.     {"\xEE\x80\x80", "\"\\xEE\\x80\\x80\"\n    As Text: \"\""}
  1572.   };
  1573.  
  1574.   for (int i = 0; i < int(sizeof(kTestdata)/sizeof(kTestdata[0])); ++i) {
  1575.     EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(kTestdata[i][0], kTestdata[i][1]);
  1576.   }
  1577. }
  1578.  
  1579. #undef EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_
  1580.  
  1581. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
  1582.   ::std::stringstream ss;
  1583.   UniversalTersePrint(123, &ss);
  1584.   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
  1585. }
  1586.  
  1587. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForReference) {
  1588.   const int& n = 123;
  1589.   ::std::stringstream ss;
  1590.   UniversalTersePrint(n, &ss);
  1591.   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
  1592. }
  1593.  
  1594. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForCString) {
  1595.   const char* s1 = "abc";
  1596.   ::std::stringstream ss1;
  1597.   UniversalTersePrint(s1, &ss1);
  1598.   EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss1.str());
  1599.  
  1600.   char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
  1601.   ::std::stringstream ss2;
  1602.   UniversalTersePrint(s2, &ss2);
  1603.   EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss2.str());
  1604.  
  1605.   const char* s3 = NULL;
  1606.   ::std::stringstream ss3;
  1607.   UniversalTersePrint(s3, &ss3);
  1608.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
  1609. }
  1610.  
  1611. TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
  1612.   ::std::stringstream ss;
  1613.   UniversalPrint(123, &ss);
  1614.   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
  1615. }
  1616.  
  1617. TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForReference) {
  1618.   const int& n = 123;
  1619.   ::std::stringstream ss;
  1620.   UniversalPrint(n, &ss);
  1621.   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
  1622. }
  1623.  
  1624. TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCString) {
  1625.   const char* s1 = "abc";
  1626.   ::std::stringstream ss1;
  1627.   UniversalPrint(s1, &ss1);
  1628.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s1) + " pointing to \"abc\"", std::string(ss1.str()));
  1629.  
  1630.   char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
  1631.   ::std::stringstream ss2;
  1632.   UniversalPrint(s2, &ss2);
  1633.   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s2) + " pointing to \"abc\"", std::string(ss2.str()));
  1634.  
  1635.   const char* s3 = NULL;
  1636.   ::std::stringstream ss3;
  1637.   UniversalPrint(s3, &ss3);
  1638.   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
  1639. }
  1640.  
  1641. TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCharArray) {
  1642.   const char str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
  1643.   ::std::stringstream ss1;
  1644.   UniversalPrint(str, &ss1);
  1645.   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss1.str());
  1646.  
  1647.   const char mutable_str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
  1648.   ::std::stringstream ss2;
  1649.   UniversalPrint(mutable_str, &ss2);
  1650.   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss2.str());
  1651. }
  1652.  
  1653. #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
  1654.  
  1655. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
  1656.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
  1657.       ::std::tr1::make_tuple());
  1658.   EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
  1659. }
  1660.  
  1661. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsOneTuple) {
  1662.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
  1663.       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1));
  1664.   ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
  1665.   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
  1666. }
  1667.  
  1668. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTwoTuple) {
  1669.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
  1670.       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
  1671.   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
  1672.   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
  1673.   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
  1674. }
  1675.  
  1676. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTersely) {
  1677.   const int n = 1;
  1678.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
  1679.       ::std::tr1::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
  1680.   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
  1681.   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
  1682.   EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
  1683. }
  1684.  
  1685. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
  1686.  
  1687. #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
  1688.  
  1689. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
  1690.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(::std::make_tuple());
  1691.   EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
  1692. }
  1693.  
  1694. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsOneTuple) {
  1695.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
  1696.       ::std::make_tuple(1));
  1697.   ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
  1698.   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
  1699. }
  1700.  
  1701. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTwoTuple) {
  1702.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
  1703.       ::std::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
  1704.   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
  1705.   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
  1706.   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
  1707. }
  1708.  
  1709. TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTersely) {
  1710.   const int n = 1;
  1711.   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
  1712.       ::std::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
  1713.   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
  1714.   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
  1715.   EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
  1716. }
  1717.  
  1718. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
  1719.  
  1720. #if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
  1721.  
  1722. TEST(PrintOptionalTest, Basic) {
  1723.   absl::optional<int> value;
  1724.   EXPECT_EQ("(nullopt)", PrintToString(value));
  1725.   value = {7};
  1726.   EXPECT_EQ("(7)", PrintToString(value));
  1727.   EXPECT_EQ("(1.1)", PrintToString(absl::optional<double>{1.1}));
  1728.   EXPECT_EQ("(\"A\")", PrintToString(absl::optional<std::string>{"A"}));
  1729. }
  1730.  
  1731. struct NonPrintable {
  1732.   unsigned char contents = 17;
  1733. };
  1734.  
  1735. TEST(PrintOneofTest, Basic) {
  1736.   using Type = absl::variant<int, StreamableInGlobal, NonPrintable>;
  1737.   EXPECT_EQ("('int' with value 7)", PrintToString(Type(7)));
  1738.   EXPECT_EQ("('StreamableInGlobal' with value StreamableInGlobal)",
  1739.             PrintToString(Type(StreamableInGlobal{})));
  1740.   EXPECT_EQ(
  1741.       "('testing::gtest_printers_test::NonPrintable' with value 1-byte object "
  1742.       "<11>)",
  1743.       PrintToString(Type(NonPrintable{})));
  1744. }
  1745. #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
  1746.  
  1747. }  // namespace gtest_printers_test
  1748. }  // namespace testing
  1749.